It was only at the beginning of the 17th century, under the reign of Louis XIII, that a church was built to serve what was called the village. It was not until 1661 that Fontainebleau was erected as a parish, served by the priests of the Mission (the Lazarists) congregation founded by Saint Vincent de Paul.

The church of Saint Louis was therefore built between 1611 and 1614; it was remodelled during the Second Empire: it is from this period that dated the main façade and also the chapel of the Virgin Mary, as an extension of the apse.